Manipulating the activity of immobilized enzymes with different organo-smectite complexes

Summary Enzymes may be immobilized on hydrophobic surfaces of organo-smectite complexes. The immobilized enzyme may be active, partially active, or inactive depending on the nature of the organic surface. These materials may be useful as models for enzymes in natural systems, and in medicine and industry.This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-8306583. Journal Article No. 11603 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Protein folding: concepts and perspectives

In this review, the main concepts of protein folding, as deduced from both theoretical and experimental in vitro studies, are presented. The thermodynamic aspects from Anfinsen's postulate, Levinthal's paradox to the concept of folding funnel as proposed by Wolynes and coworkers are described. Concerning the folding pathway(s), particular attention is brought to bear on the early steps that initiate the process in the light of the results of the fast and even ultrafast techniques presently being used. The role of structural domains as folding units is discussed. Last, from the recent studies, it can be concluded that the main rules deduced from the in vitro folding studies are valid for the folding of a nascent polypeptide chain in vivo.     

微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基底采用光刻蚀法制备了具有不同粗糙度的微方柱结构疏水表面,研究了微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性.结果表明,微方柱高度对表观接触角影响很小,但会显著影响疏水表面液滴浸润状态的稳定性,当微方柱边长和间距一定时,存在一个临界高度,当微方柱高度大于该临界值时,液滴具有良好的稳定性.通过对不同温度下疏水表面液滴浸润状态的研究表明,在露点温度至环境温度区间内,随着温度的增加,表观接触角呈增大趋势;在环境温度至沸点温度区间内,随着温度的升高,表观接触角呈减小的趋势.研究认为,合理的微结构尺寸和应用环境温度对液滴浸润状态的稳定具有重要意义.     

基于复扩散模型憎水性图像多尺度亮点检测算法研究

在多尺度框架下，提出基于非线性复扩散模型憎水性图像水珠亮点检测算法，最后采用模糊均类算法对多尺度虚部图像水珠亮点进行提取。实验结果表明：对于不同憎水性等级憎水性图像，水珠亮点检测都达到95％以上，这为对绝缘子憎水性等级估判及水珠（水迹）的进一步分割提供了重要的信息。     

Synthesis of self-assembled needle-shaped calcium carbonate superstructures

Novel self-assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals exhibiting the morphology of well-defined needles were synthesized by a simple precipitation reaction in the presence of octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (ODP) as a crystal additive. The CaCO₃ obtained by this method is hydrophobic, making it likely to be used widely in industry. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle experiments. The results indicated that ODP plays an important role in determining the structure, morphology and hydrophobicity of CaCO₃ crystals.     

微波作用下NaA沸石与C~(2 )a的交换反应研究

研究了微波作用下，ＮａＡ沸石中的Ｎａ＋被Ｃａ２＋交换的反应．反应可在１０ｍｉｎ内完成，而在常规加热下需１ｈ．考察了交换时间、交换液浓度及容器底面积对交换度的影响；用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＳＥＭ表征了样品，并对结果进行了讨论     

钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的提取工艺优化及其纯化研究

以钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)藻蓝蛋白(Phycocyanin)的纯度和回收率为指标,考察溶胀法和冻融法中不同破壁影响因素及活性炭吸附法中活性炭目数、活性炭加入量和吸附时间对藻蓝蛋白粗提的影响,并结合响应面分析法优化提取工艺参数,得到最优破壁条件和活性炭吸附条件。结果表明,溶胀法最优提取条件为料液比1∶50(g/mL),溶胀时间24h,溶胀次数2次,测得藻蓝蛋白纯度为0.47,得率为2.17%;冻融法最优提取条件为料液比1∶50(g/mL),冷冻时间8h,冻融次数2次,测得藻蓝蛋白纯度为0.34,得率为2.19%。活性炭吸附法最优工艺条件为300目活性炭,活性炭加入量0.7g/20mL,吸附时间10min,藻蓝蛋白纯度为0.80,回收率为73.23%。疏水层析法纯化得到食品级藻蓝蛋白(纯度P≥0.7)和医药级藻蓝蛋白(纯度P≥3.0),总回收率为61.15%。因此,溶胀-活性炭吸附-疏水层析三步提纯藻蓝蛋白工艺合理可行,实现了医药级藻蓝蛋白的分离提纯,降低了工业生产成本,具有实用价值。     

Synthesis of CaCO3 crystals using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hydrogel as template

Calcium carbonate crystallization was performed in hydrogel of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). Results showed that the polyhydroxy functionalities in HPMC gel network facilitated the nucleation of aragonite which was not found in experiment without HPMC hydrogel and in experiment using methylcellulose (MC) hydrogel as template. On the other hand, due to the unique assembly of the macromolecules in HPMC hydrogel network, which was different from other hydrogels used in some previous reports, particular crystal morphology, corncob-like CaCO_3, was obtained for the first time.     

辛醇对PVDF膜表面浸润性与透过性能的影响

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）／N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）／辛醇／水为制膜体系,采用干、湿相转化法制膜．考察了辛醇含量对膜结构、表面浸润性和透过性能的影响．结果表明,辛醇的加入使成膜过程中液．固分相在与液一液分相的竞争中占据优势,随着辛醇含量的增加,膜结构由海绵状结构向球晶堆积结构转变,当辛醇含量增至10％时,生成“菜花状”球晶粒子堆积的对称结构,其表面具有微纳二重特征,对水的接触角可达140°;实验范围内PVDF膜下表面的疏水性随铸膜液中辛醇含量的增加先增大后略有下降,膜的气通量随铸膜液中辛醇含量的增加先增大后减小所制得的高度疏水膜可望成为气液膜接触器的理想膜材料．